What Are Vaginal Infections and Discharge?
Vaginal discharge is a natural and essential part of the vagina’s self-cleaning and defense system. Under the influence of estrogen, glycogen is stored in the vaginal wall and converted into lactic acid, helping to maintain the vagina’s acidic pH. This environment supports the growth of protective bacteria called lactobacilli and prevents the colonization of harmful microorganisms. However, a drop in estrogen levels, the use of inappropriate chemical products, or infections can disrupt this balance and increase the risk of infection.
In women of reproductive age, a certain amount of clear, slippery, and odorless discharge is considered normal. This is known as physiological vaginal discharge and often increases during ovulation. Around ovulation, discharge may resemble egg whites in texture. In menopause, declining estrogen levels reduce vaginal secretions and can lead to vaginal dryness.
What Are Vaginitis and Cervicitis?
Vaginitis is inflammation of the vagina, while cervicitis refers to infection of the cervix. The most common symptom of both conditions is abnormal vaginal discharge. Pathological discharge is typically heavier, thicker, foul-smelling, and often accompanied by itching. It may appear white and curd-like or foamy and green-yellow in color. In cervicitis, lower abdominal or back pain may also be present.
Additionally, certain products such as scented hygiene sprays, colored sanitary pads, tampons, or condoms can cause irritation and trigger discharge.
Common Types of Vaginal Infections
Bacterial vaginosis causes white-gray discharge with a strong fishy odor, which becomes more noticeable during menstruation or after intercourse.
Yeast infections (Candida) result in thick, white, cheese-like discharge accompanied by intense itching. They are more common during pregnancy, after antibiotic use, or in women with diabetes.
Trichomoniasis causes frothy, greenish discharge along with burning and pronounced vaginal irritation.
These are common indicators of vaginal infections, and most women experience at least one episode during their lifetime. Fortunately, with early diagnosis and proper treatment, infections can be managed effectively.
How to Prevent Vaginal Infections
Most vaginal infections can be prevented with simple daily habits. Moisture in the genital area increases the risk of yeast infections. Wearing breathable cotton underwear, changing it frequently, and avoiding synthetic fabrics is recommended.
Scented soaps, perfumed hygiene products, and colored toilet paper can disrupt vaginal pH and increase susceptibility to infections. Washing the inside of the vagina with water or other products does not improve hygiene and can harm the natural protective flora.
During menstruation, it is important not to keep tampons in for too long. Prolonged use of a single tampon may cause serious infections.
Basic precautions include not staying in wet swimsuits after sports or swimming, showering after pool use, and wiping from front to back when cleaning the genital area.
Condom use is the most effective method for protecting against sexually transmitted infections. Being in a long-term, monogamous relationship also significantly reduces the risk.
When Should You See a Doctor?
You should consult our clinic promptly if your vaginal discharge:
- Becomes discolored (yellow, green, gray) or has a foul odor
- Is accompanied by severe itching or burning
- Causes pain during intercourse
- Is associated with lower abdominal or back pain
Some infections may progress silently and lead to serious complications. This is why having at least one gynecological check-up per year is vital for prevention and early diagnosis.
Our Approach
At our clinic, we offer thorough assessments, appropriate laboratory testing, and personalized treatment plans for vaginal infections. When necessary, we provide local or systemic medications, probiotic support, and lifestyle recommendations to achieve lasting recovery. We are committed to protecting your vaginal health with a holistic and patient-centered approach.
